An impetus for change which exists outside of the client, which may be effective for driving behavior change, but which (unless it is internalized) seldom shows long-term effectiveness. Common examples in the field of addiction treatment include participation in treatment services while in a residential treatment setting (or jail), or while under conditions of probation, but a return to former using behaviors when the externally motivating circumstance is removed, as in immediate relapse upon discharge from jail, or upon termination of probation conditions.